Microbiology

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Topic - Avian Influenza

1. Human influenza is transmitted by

A. Droplet nuclei
B. Direct contact
C. Self inoculation
D. All of the above

2. Which of the following practices is more likely to transmit the virus.

A. Contact with infected patients
B. Preparing poultry products
C. Eating poultry products
D. Plucking of diseased birds

3. The difference in clinical presentation observed in patients with infection due to H7 as against H5N1 is the presence of A. Conjunctivitis
B. Diarrhoea
C. Fever
D. None of the above

4. Common laboratory symptoms in patients suffering from influenza include
A. Leucocytosis with lymphopenia
B. Leukopenia with lymphopenia
C. Normal platelet counts
D. Anaemia

5. The most appropriate specimen for viral detection is
A. Sputum
B. Blood
C. Nasopharyngeal secretions
D. Pharyngeal swab

6. Asp92Glu is considered as a virulence factor of H5N1. What does it do?
A. Enhances viral replication
B. Confers increased resistance to inhibition by interferons and tumour necrosis factor
C. Promotes provirus formation
D. Promotes syncytium formation

7. The pathological findings in lungs consistent with H5N1 infection include
A. Fibrinous exudates in alveolar spaces
B. Hyaline membrane formation
C. Infection of Type II pneumocytes
D. All of the above

8. Which of the following best characterizes the diagnostic utility of rapid antigen detection assays in influenza A virus infection ?
A. In the presence of clinical and epidemiological features consistent with a diagnosis, it has a good specificity.
B. In the presence of clinical and epidemiological features consistent with a diagnosis, it has a poor negative predictive value.
C. They only support clinical suspicion
D. In the presence of clinical and epidemiological features consistent with a diagnosis , they can be used as a single test to confirm or rule out disease.

9. Which of the following is a neuraminidase inhibiting antiviral agent?
A. Acyclovir
B. Amantadine
C. Oseltamivir
D. Saquinavir

10. Which of the following illustrations / images is representative of avian influenza virus?

Fig. A	Fig. B
Fig. C	Fig. D

Reference - n engl j med 353;13 www.nejm.org September 29, 2005

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